Some people sometimes understand what is meant by bid'ah. They think that heresy is every new thing. So because he did not like people who shouted heresy, he also said, "If that's a bid'ah, you can't use a cellphone, you can't make Hajj by plane, you can't use a computer, etc. because all of this is new and heresy is something new and made up.".
In fact, these things are not a despicable heresy in Islam because the despicable heresy is a heresy in matters of religion. Likewise, there are those who do not agree with the heretical advice, he said that the Companions used to collect the Qur'an and during 'Umar's time, tarawih prayers were held in congregation.
These doubts arise because they do not understand the nature of heresy. To more clearly understand bid'ah, we should understand the three conditions called bid'ah which are deduced from the following arguments.
First: Hadith Al 'Irbadh bin Sariyah radhiyallahu 'anhu, in the hadith mentioned the words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam,
وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَمُحْدَثَاتِ الأُمُورِ فَإِنَّ كُلَّ مُحْدَثَةٍ بِدْعَةٌ وَكُلَّ بِدْعَةٍ ضَلاَلَةٌ
"Be careful with fabricated things because every fabricated thing is a bid'ah and every heresy is a misguidance..”
(Narrated by Abu Daud no. 4607 and Tirmidhi no. 2676. Shaykh Al Albani said this hadith authentic.)
Second: Hadith of Jabir bin 'Abdillah radhiyallahu 'anhu, in the hadith the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said,
أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّ خَيْرَ الْحَدِيثِ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ وَخَيْرُ الْهُدَى هُدَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَشَرُّ الأُمُورِ مُحْدَثَاتُهَا وَكُلُّ بِدْعَةٍ ضَلاَلَةٌ
"Amma ba'du. Verily, the best of words is the Book of Allah and the best of guidance is the guidance of Muhammad sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam. The worst things are fabricated (bid'ah) and every heresy is a misguidance.”
(HR. Muslim no. 867)
In the narration of An Nasa'i it is said,
وَكُلَّ ضَلاَلَةٍ فِى النَّارِ
"Every misguidance is in hell."
(HR. An Nasa'i no. 1578. Shaykh Al Albani said that this hadith authentic.)
Third: Hadith 'Aisha radhiyallahu 'anha The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said,
مَنْ أَحْدَثَ فِى أَمْرِنَا هَذَا مَا لَيْسَ مِنْهُ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ
"Whoever makes a new thing in our religion that has no origin, then it is rejected.”
(Narrated by Bukhari no. 20 and Muslim no. 1718)
Fourth: In another narration, the Messenger of Allah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said,
مَنْ عَمِلَ عَمَلاً لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرُنَا فَهُوَ رَدٌّ
"Whoever does a practice that is not our teachings, then the practice is rejected.”
(HR. Muslim no. 1718)
A study related to this article: Prohibition of Bid'ah and Inspiring Cases
From these hadiths it can be concluded what is meant by heresy which is forbidden in religion, namely:
- Something new (made up).
- Something new in religion.
- Not based on syar'i arguments.
First: Something new (made up).
This first condition is taken from the words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam,
مَنْ أَحْدَثَ
"Who did something new.”
كُلَّ مُحْدَثَةٍ بِدْعَةٌ
"Every new one is a heresy.”
So that included in the definition is everything that is new that there is no previous example both related to religious and world affairs, both something commendable (easy) and the despicable (madzmuma). So that pre-existing things that are not fabricated do not include bid'ah such as the five daily prayers and the fast of Ramadan. The case of the world is also included in this first definition, but it will become clearer if we add to the second condition.
Second: Something new in religion.
Because in the hadith of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam mention,
فِى أَمْرِنَا هَذَا
"In matters of our religion."So the world's things are not included in this. What is meant by heresy in religious matters means:
- Bid'ah draws closer to Allah with something that is not prescribed,
- Bid'ah has departed from Islamic rule, and
- Something is forbidden because it can lead to another heresy.
Third: Not based on general or specific syar'i arguments.
This is taken from the words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam,
مَا لَيْسَ مِنْهُ
"There is no origin (the proof) in Islam."
This means if something has a basis in Islam in the form of a general as in the problemgood luck', the example of collecting the Qur'an in the time of the Companions, then it is not considered heresy. Likewise, if there is something that supports the argument that is special such as reviving the tarawih prayer in congregation during the time of 'Umar bin Khottab is not a bid'ah.
We have also found the three conditions above in the words of the following scholars.
Ibn Rajab Al Hambali wombahullah said,
فكلُّ من أحدث شيئاً ، ونسبه إلى الدِّين ، ولم يكن له أصلٌ من الدِّين يرجع إليه ، فهو ضلالةٌ ، والدِّينُ بريءٌ منه ، وسواءٌ في ذلك مسائلُ الاعتقادات ، أو الأعمال ، أو الأقوال الظاهرة والباطنة .
“Everything that is made up and then based on religion and has no basis in Islam, is a misguidance. Islam is free from such teachings, including in terms of i'tiqad (belief), practice, words that are born and in the heart.
(Jaami'ul 'Ulum wal Hikam, 2: 128.)
He wombahullah also said,
والمراد بالبدعة : ما أُحْدِثَ ممَّا لا أصل له في الشريعة يدلُّ عليه ، فأمَّا ما كان له أصلٌ مِنَ الشَّرع يدلُّ عليه ، فليس ببدعةٍ شرعاً ، وإنْ كان بدعةً لغةً
“What is meant by bid'ah is something new that has no basis (proof) in the Shari'ah as a support. As for if it is supported by syar'i evidence, then it is not bid'ah according to syar'i terms, but heresy in linguistic terms.”
(Jaami'ul 'Ulum wal Hikam, 2:127.)
Ibn Hajar Al Asqolani Asy Shafi'i wombahullah said,
والمراد بقوله كل بدعة ضلالة ما أحدث ولا دليل له من الشرع بطريق خاص ولا عام
"What is meant by every bid'ah is misguidance, that is, every practice that is made up and there is no supporting evidence, either specific or general."
(Fathul Bari, 13:254)
Ibn Hajar also stated regarding heresy,
مَنْ اِخْتَرَعَ فِي الدِّين مَا لَا يَشْهَد لَهُ أَصْل مِنْ أُصُوله فَلَا يُلْتَفَت إِلَيْهِ
"Whoever makes up new matters in religion and then it is not supported by evidence, then he does not need to be investigated."
(Fathul Bari, 5:302)
Elsewhere, Ibn Hajar said,
وَمَا كَانَ لَهُ أَصْل يَدُلّ عَلَيْهِ الشَّرْع فَلَيْسَ بِبِدْعَةٍ ، فَالْبِدْعَة فِي عُرْف الشَّرْع مَذْمُومَة بِخِلَافِ اللُّغَة فَإِنَّ كُلّ شَيْء أُحْدِث عَلَى غَيْر مِثَال يُسَمَّى بِدْعَة سَوَاء كَانَ مَحْمُودًا أَوْ مَذْمُومًا
"Something that has a basis in the evidence in the Shari'ah, then it is not heresy. So, according to the term shari'ah, bid'ah is reprehensible, different from the meaning of language, because in linguistic terms, heresy is anything that is made up without any previous examples, whether commendable or despicable."
(Fathul Bari, 13:253)
After understanding what is stated above, the meaning of heresy in a nutshell is,
ما أحدث في الدين من غير دليل
"Something new (made up) in religious matters without any evidence.” (See Qowa'id Ma'rifatil Bida', p. 22. The discussion on this point is also summarized from Qowa'id Ma'rifatil Bida', pp. 17-22). Islam.
Hopefully by understanding this, we will no longer be confused with various kinds of things about heresy, especially in understanding the words of the scholars regarding the bid'ah hasanah.
Wallahu waliyyut taufiq.
Source Rumaysho
Sunnah.
