THIYARAH LAW (TATHAYYUR, CONSIDERING LUCK FOR SOMETHING)[1]
Ahlus Sunnah do not believe in thiyarah or tathayyur. Tathayyur or thiyarah is feeling unlucky because of something [2].
Taken from the sentence الطَّيْرَ (flying a bird).
Ibn al-Qayyim (died 751 H) rahimahullah said: "In the past, they liked to fly or release birds, if the bird flew to the right, they called it 'saa-ih', when the bird flew to the left, they called it 'baarih'. If it is flying forward it is called 'na-thih', and when it is backward, then they call it 'qa-id'. Some Arabs consider bad luck with 'baarih' (the bird flies to the left) and lucky with 'saa-ih' (the bird flies to the right) and others have another opinion.." [3]
Tathayyur (feeling unlucky) is not limited to the flight of birds, but to names, numbers, numbers, disabled people and the like. All of that is forbidden in Islamic law and is included in the category of shirk by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, because people who are devout consider these things to bring profit and harm. This kind of belief clearly violates the belief in the destiny (provision) of Allah Almighty.
According to Shaykh Muhammad bin Salih al-'Utsaimin (died 1421 H) rahimahullah: "Tathayyur is to assume bad luck for what is seen, heard, or known. As seen that is, seeing something scary. What is heard is like hearing a crow, and what is known is like knowing a date, number or number. Tathayyur denies (negates) monotheism in two respects:
- First, people who practice faith do not have a sense of trust in Allah Azza wa Jalla and always depend on other than Allah.
- Second, it depends on something that has no essence and is something that includes superstition and doubt.” [4]
Ibn al-Qayyim rahimahullah again said: "The person who is tatayyur is tormented in his soul, narrow in chest, never calm, bad in character, and easily influenced by what he sees and hears. They become the most cowardly people, the narrowest in life and the most restless in spirit. Many maintain and guard things that do not benefit and harm him, not a few of them lose opportunities and opportunities (to do good-pent.)." [5]
Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala says:
ا اءَتْهُمُ الْحَسَنَةُ الُوا لَنَا ا لَا ا ائِرُهُمْ اللَّهِ لَٰكِنَّ لَا لَمُونَ
“Then when prosperity comes to them, they say: 'This is because of us.' And if trouble afflicted them, they threw the cause of the misfortune on Moses and those who were with him. Know that their misfortune is a decree from Allah, but most of them do not know." [Al-A'raaf: 131]
Studies related to this article: Tathayyur, Unlucky Belief in Something
Ibn Jarir ath-Tabari (died 310 H) rahimahullah in his Tafsiir said: "Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala has narrated that when the followers of Pharaoh get safety, fertility, profit, prosperity and a lot of sustenance, and find worldly pleasures, they said: 'We deserved all this more.' On the other hand, when bad things happen to them in the form of drought, disaster and calamity, they rely on Musa Alaihissallam and those who are with him, i.e. throw the cause on Moses and his people. They say: 'Since Moses came, we have lost prosperity, fertility and are in crisis.'”
Ibn Jarir at-Tabari rahimahullah said: "Allah Azza wa Jalla mentions that the fortune, prosperity, and evil and calamities of the Pharaohs and others are nothing but good and bad decrees all from Allah, but most people do not know until they accuse Musa Alaihissallam and his followers as the cause.”[6]
Thiyarah includes shirk which denies the perfection of monotheism, because it comes from what the devil conveys in the form of temptations and whispers.
اَلطِّيَرَةُ اَلطِّيَرَةُ اَلطِّيَرَةُ ا ا لاَّ، لَكِنَّ اللهَ التَّوَكُّلِ.
“Thiyarah is shirk, thiyarah is shirk, thiyarah is shirk and everyone must (everything crosses his heart from this). It's just that Allah removes it by putting your trust in Him." [7]
In Sahih Muslim it is stated, from Mu'awiyah bin al-Hakam as-Sulami Radhiyallahu anhu, that he said to the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam: "Among us there are people who are devout." Then he sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said: "That is something that you will find in yourselves, but do not make it a barrier for you.'" [8]
He hereby informs that the feeling of misfortune and misfortune caused by this tathayyur attitude is only in himself and his belief, not in something that is tathayyur. So his prejudices, fears and polytheism are what make him thayyur and prevent him from doing something useful, not what he sees and hears.
The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam then explained the problem to his people about the error of tathayyur so that they would know that Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala did not give them an address or sign of bad luck, or make it a cause for what they fear and worry about. So that their hearts may be at rest and their souls at peace before the Most Holy God.
It has been narrated from 'Abdullah bin 'Amr Radhiyallahu anhuma, he said: "The Messenger of Allah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
الطِّيَرَةُ اجَةٍ الُوْا: ا لَ اللهِ ا ارَةُ لِكَ؟ الَ: لَ :اَللَّهُمَّ لاَ إِلاَّ وَلاَ إِلاَّ لاَ لَهَ .
"Whoever cancels his intention because of thiyarah, then he has committed shirk." The Companions asked: "Then what is the ransom?" He sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam replied: "Let him say: 'O Allah, there is no good except goodness from You, there is no bird (which is the object of tathayyur) but Your creatures and there is no god worthy of worship except You. '” [9]
The prohibition of thiyarah is based on several things:
- In thiyarah there is an attitude of dependence on other than Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala
- Thiyarah gives birth to feelings of fear, insecurity from many things in a person, something which in turn causes mental turmoil that can affect the process of working as caliph on earth.
- Thiyarah opens the way for the spread of superstition in society by giving the ability to bring benefits and harm or influence the way of human life to various types of creatures that they do not actually have. In turn, this will lead to major shirk.
[Copied from the book of Syarah Aqidah Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah, Author Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas, Publisher of Imam Asy-Syafi'i Library Third Printing 1427H/June 2006M]
Footnotes
[1]. Fat-hul Majiid (chapters 27: Maa Ja-a fit Tathayyur p. 345-359), Manhajul Imaam ash-Shafi'i fii Itsbaatil 'Aqiidah (I/273-277), al-Madkhal (pp. 148-150) .
[2]. See an-Nihaayah (III/152), Manhajul Imaam ash-Syafi'i fii Itsbaatil 'Aqiidah (I/273).
[3]. See Miftaah Daaris Sa'aadah (III/268-269) ta'liq and takhrij Shaykh 'Ali Hasan al-Halabi, cet. I-Daar Ibn 'Affan, th. 1416 H.
[4]. See al-Qaulul Mufiid 'alaa Kitaabit Tauhiid (I/559-560).
[5]. Miftaah Daaris Sa'aadah (III/273) ta'liq and takhrij Shaykh 'Ali Hasan al-Halabi.
[6]. Tafsiir Ibni Jarir ath-Tabari (VI/30-31) summarized.
[7]. HR. Al-Bukhari in al-Adabul Mufrad (no. 909), Abu Dawud (no. 3910), at-Tirmidhi (no. 1614), Ibn Majah (no. 3538), Ahmad (I/389, 438, 440), Ibn Hibban (Mawaariduzh Zham'aan no. 1427), at-Ta'liiqatul Hisaan 'alaa Shahiih Ibni Hibban (no. 6089) and al-Hakim (I/17-18). This lafazh belongs to Abu Dawud, from the Companions of Ibn Mas'ud . See Silsilatul Ahaadiits ash-Shahiihah (no. 429).
[8]. HR. Muslim (no. 537).
[9]. HR. Ahmad (II/220), authenticated by Shaykh Ahmad Muhammad Syakir in Tahqiiq Musnad Imam Ahmad (no. 7045). See Silsilatul Ahaadiits ash-Shahiihah (no. 1065).
[10]. Al-Madkhal li Diraasatil 'Aqiidah Ahlis Sunnah wal Jamaa'ah (pp. 148-150).
By: Al-Ustadz Yazid bin Abdul Qodir Jawas
Almanhaj
Sixty-one: THE LAW OF THIYARAH (TATHAYYUR, ASSESSING UP TO SOMETHING)
Sunnah.
