Kisah Mulia Ummul Mukminin Zainab binti Jahsy

You were married by your fathers. While I was immediately married by Allah from above the seventh heaven.
(Narrated by al-Bukhari in the Book of Tawhid 6984 and at-Turmudzi 3213).

That was the proud speech of Ummul Mukminin Zainab bint Jahsy radiallahu 'anha in front of the other wives of the Prophet. Naturally he was proud. In addition to marrying the best human in the history of human civilization, the guardian of the marriage is also the Most Good Essence, Lord of the worlds, Allah Tabaraka wa Ta'ala. The recompense depends on the deed, then how can he attain such a noble position? The following is a story about the mother of Zainab bint Jahsy radiallahu 'anha.

fate

Ummul Mu'minin Zainab bint Jahsy radhiallahu 'anha was a noble woman in the midst of her people. His name and lineage were Zainab bint Jahsh bin Ra-ib bin Ya'mar bin Shabrah bin Murrah bin Cubair bin Ghanam bin Dudan bin Asad bin Khuzaimah al-Asadi. He was born 33 years before the hijrah and died in the year 21 H. His mother was the aunt of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, Umaimah bint Abdul Muttalib. Thus, in terms of lineage, the Messenger of Allah and Zainab bint Jahsy are cousins.

Zainab is also the sister of the noble friend Abdullah bin Jahsy radiallahu 'anhu. One who first embraced Islam and was martyred at the Battle of Uhud. Abdullah was buried in the same grave with the Prophet's uncle and his uncle, Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib, may Allah be pleased with them both (al-Mizzi: Tadzhib al-Kamal 35/184 and az-Zurkali: al-I'lam 3/66).

Married to the Prophet's adopted son

The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam had an adopted son namely Zaid bin Harithah radhiallahu 'anhu. Previously, Zaid was Khadijah's slave belonging to Khadijah. Then it was given to the Prophet. And he set him free. Because he was old enough, the Prophet looked for a suitable person for his adopted son. He met Zainab bint Jahsy radhiallahu 'anha, then asked for her hand. Zainab replied, "I have no interest in marrying him." The Prophet then said, "No, marry him."

Hearing the words of the Prophet, Zainab asked, "O Messenger of Allah, did you order me?" While the two were discussing, Allah the Exalted revealed His word,

وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَلاَ مُؤْمِنَةٍ إِذَا قَضَى اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمْرًا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ وَمَنْ يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلاَلاً مُبِينًا

"And it is not proper for believing men and not (also) for believing women, when Allah and His Messenger have determined a statute, there will be for them (other) choices regarding their affairs. And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, he has indeed gone astray, a clear misguidance." [Quran Al-Ahzab: 36].

Zainab said, "Are you pleased with me for marriage, O Messenger of Allah?" "Yes," he answered. Zainab said, "If so, I will not disobey (by disobeying) the Messenger of Allah. You have married me to him."

Through this matchmaking, the Prophet wanted to teach the value of equality. He wanted to break old traditions and change them with modernity. There is no difference between a noble and a former slave. Islam has made them equal in humanity. The only difference is piety. Zaid is a former slave. And Zainab was a noble woman who had the blood of Bani Hashim, the noblest tribe in Quraysh. They are equal in the view of Islam. He wanted to teach his people that the social class factor is not the first scale in marriage. But religion and piety should be a reference.

Look at how Zainab is obedient to Allah and His Messenger. Even though the order was against his will, he still did it for the pleasure of Allah and His Messenger. This is what causes the high position of Zainab. Allah rewarded him with a reply he could never have imagined. Even by anyone.

Studies related to this article: The Glory of Zainab Bint Jahsy

Divorce

The wheel of life continues to roll. The household dipper of Zaid and Zainab sailed, but was hit by a storm. Until Zaid met his adoptive father, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, asked permission to divorce Zainab. The Prophet refused his wish. He said, "Fear Allah. Stay with your wife." Then Allah the Exalted sent down His word,

Allah the Exalted informed His Prophet that Zainab bint Jahsh would be his wife, sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam. However, if it is revealed now the Prophet is worried that this will become a hot issue stirred up by hypocrites, 'how can a father marry his son's ex-wife'. Keep in mind, Arab culture at that time considered adopted children the same as biological children. Shari'a wants to abolish this tradition. Adopted children are not the same as biological children. The way to abolish this tradition is the Prophet's marriage to Zainab. And Zaid's lineage was returned to his original father. Previously Zaid bin Muhammad became Zaid bin Harithah (Muhibbuddin ath-Thabari: as-Sumthu ats-Tsamin p. 170-171).

That is, Arab culture at that time also underwent a selection. He must conform to Islamic law. It is not sharia that adapts to the culture that exists in society. Likewise with other cultures. The good or bad of a culture is weighed against the Shari'a.

Married to the Prophet

It could be that the commands of Allah and His Messenger are contrary to the will of man. When living it, sometimes feels turmoil in the soul. But behind it all there is a great wisdom that is useful for the perpetrators in this world and the hereafter. Likewise, what was felt by Umm Mu'minin Zainab bint Jahsy radhiallahu 'anha.

He was ordered to marry someone who is pious and good, but has no kafa-ah with him (not sekufu). But he submitted his will to obey Allah and His Messenger. In his household he felt disharmony and incompatibility. But behind that, Allah prepared herself to be the wife of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam in this world and in heaven. Not only that, through his intermediary, sharia law was formed which was valid until the Day of Resurrection.

In the end, Zaid and Zainab's household could not be maintained. After the end of his iddah, the Messenger of Allah said to Zaid, "Go, call me to him." I mean, he wanted to marry her. Zaid said, "When the Messenger of Allah said that. I feel happy too. I went to see him. While standing at his door, I said to him, 'O Zainab, the Messenger of Allah sent me and called you'. Zainab replied, 'I don't want to say anything until I get a decision from my Lord'. Then he went to his prayer room (History of Muslim in Kitab an-Nikah, 1428).

Then Allah the Exalted sent down His word,

فَلَمَّا قَضَى زَيْدٌ مِنْهَا وَطَرًا زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا لِكَيْ لاَ يَكُونَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَرَجٌ فِي أَزْوَاجِ أَدْعِيَائِهِمْ إِذَا قَضَوْا مِنْهُنَّ وَطَرًا وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ مَفْعُولاً

"When Zaid has ended the need for his wife (divorcing him), We marry you to him so that there is no objection for the believers to (marry) the wives of their adopted children, if the adopted children have completed their needs from their wives. And it is God's decree that it will happen." [Quran Al-Ahzab: 37].

It is narrated that when the Messenger of Allah married Zainab, the hypocrites were gossiping about him. They said, "This Muhammad forbade the (former) wife of the child, but he himself married the (former) wife of his child." Allah Ta'ala sent down His word,

مَا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ وَلَكِنْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمًا

"Muhammad is by no means the father of any man among you, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the seal of the prophets. And Allah is All-Knowing of all things." [Quran Al-Ahzab: 40].

Allah Ta'ala also said,

ادْعُوهُمْ لآبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا آبَاءَهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَمَوَالِيكُمْ وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا أَخْطَأْتُمْ بِهِ وَلَكِنْ مَا تَعَمَّدَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا

"Call them (adopted children) by (using) the names of their fathers; that is more just in the sight of Allah, and if you do not know their fathers, then (call them) your brothers and sisters in your religion and your maula. And there is no sin on you in what you err in, but (in which there is a sin) what your heart wills. And Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.” [Quran Al-Ahzab: 5]. (Muhibbuddin ath-Tabari: as-Sumthu ats-Tsamin p. 171-172).

From this incident we know that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam was not free from human speech. Even though he has been praised by Allah with the greatness of his character. Especially us. This story also makes us aware, extinguishing traditions that are contrary to the Shari'a is not easy. It will definitely cause turmoil. At least there are discordant voices against it.

With the revelation of Allah's word:

فَلَمَّا قَضَى زَيْدٌ مِنْهَا وَطَرًا زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا…

"When Zaid has ended the need for his wife (divorce him), We marry you to him ..." [Quran Al-Ahzab: 37].

Zainab radhiallahu 'anha prided herself in front of the other wives of the prophet. He said,

زوجكنَّ آباؤكنَّ، وزوَّجني الله من فوق سبع سموات

"You were married off by your fathers. Meanwhile I was immediately married by Allah from above the seventh heaven.” (Narrated by al-Bukhari in the Book of Tawhid 6984 and at-Turmudzi 3213).

From the words of the mother of Zainab radhiallahu 'anha, we can know how much God honored her after her obedience to Allah and His Messenger. Even if it was against his will. Allah honored her to be the wife of the Messenger of Allah and Allah is the guardian of marriage for her. The words of Zainab's mother also show that the belief of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad SAW that Allah is above. Not everywhere.

The Prophet's wedding party with Zainab was the biggest and most important party compared to the wedding party with his other wives. He entertained the people with bread and meat until the guests were all full.

The Wisdom of Marriage with the Prophet

It was narrated from Ali bin al-Husayn, that the Prophet received a revelation from Allah Ta'ala that Zaid would divorce Zainab. And Allah will marry Zainab to him. When Zaid told the Prophet about Zainab disobeying him, he understood that his wife wanted to separate from him. The Messenger of Allah instructed him by saying,

اتَّقِ اللهَ فِي قَوْلِكَ، وَأَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ

"Fear Allah in your words. Keep your wife with you."

Yet the Prophet knew that Zaid would eventually divorce him, and he would marry his ex-wife. This is what he kept secret. He did not even provoke and be the cause of the divorce even though he knew the divorce would happen. He was worried that people would comment later because he married Zainab who was the ex-wife of his adopted son. Allah criticized the attitude of the Prophet at that time. An attitude that is worried about people's opinions in something that Allah allows. Allah criticized the prophet's saying "Hold your wife" even though he knew that Zaid would divorce her. And Allah is the one who has the right to be feared under any circumstances.

From this incident, Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah believed that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam was wise from big mistakes. Ma'shum of everything that causes the Shari'a to decrease or increase. As for minor mistakes, he did it and immediately received a warning from Allah Ta'ala.

Zainab's virtues

Ummul Believers Zainab radhiallahu 'anha has a position in the heart of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam. To find out Zainab's position in the Prophet's heart, we can refer to the assessment of Aisyah's mother. He said, “Zainab is a woman who is equal to me compared to the other wives of the Prophet. I have never seen a woman who is better in religion, more pious, more honest in speech, more connected to friendship, greater in charity, more enthusiastic in serving herself in charity and getting closer to Allah than she is. It's just (disadvantage), he is a bit loud and quick-tempered. But he came back quickly.” (Narrated by Muslim in the Book of Fadhail ash-Shahabah 2442 and an-Nasai 3946).

The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam characterizes Zainab as an awwahah woman. He said to Umar bin al-Khattab,

إِنَّ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ أَوَّاهَةٌ”. فقال رجل: يا رسول الله، ما الأوَّاه؟ قال: “الْخَاشِعُ الْمُتَضَرِّعُ، {إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لَحَلِيمٌ أَوَّاهٌ مُنِيبٌ} [هود: 75

"Verily Zainab bint Jahsh is an awwah woman." Then someone asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what is awwah?" He replied, "A person who is humble and submissive. Verily, Abraham was truly a forbearing, compassionate person and loved to return to Allah.” [Quran Hud: 75] (Muhibbuddin ath-Tabari: as-Sumthu ats-Tsamin p. 179).

During the Taif War -after the Hunain War-, Zainab was the wife who accompanied the Prophet. He was also with the Prophet at the Battle of Khaibar and Hajj Wada' (al-Halabi: as-Sirah al-Halabiyah 3/200). When Hajj Wada ', the Prophet advised his wives,

هَذِهِ ثُمَّ ظُهُورُ الحُصُرِ

"This. Then stay at home."

After the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam died, Zainab adhered to this message. He is always at home and does not go on a journey. All of the Prophet's wives returned for Hajj except Zainab bint Jahsy and Sauda bint Zam'ah. Both said, "By Allah, we did not move our mounts after we heard the message of the prophet." (History of Ahmad 26794. Al-Arnauth commented that this hadith is hasan. Ath-Thabrani: al-Mu'jam al-Kabir 17/282).

Mother of the Poor

Aisyah radhiallahu 'anha said, “Some of the wives of the Prophet asked him, 'Which of us is the fastest after you (died)?' The Prophet replied, 'The longest arm'. They took a measuring instrument and measured each other's hands. It turns out that the longest arm is Sauda. Then we realized, what is meant by the length of the hand here is that it is easy (to stretch out a hand to) give alms. That's the fastest after him. And Zainab is very fond of giving charity." (Narrated by al-Bukhari in Kitab az-Zakat 1354 and Muslim in Kitab al-Fadhail 2452).

Wara' and Takwa

When false news spread about Aisyah, people got excited and joined in on the conversation. Even though they don't know what's really going on. Aisha's mother radhiallahu 'anha said, "The Messenger of Allah asked Zainab bint Jahsy about what happened to me. He said,

يَا زَيْنَبُ، مَاذَا عَلِمْتِ أَوْ رَأَيْتِ؟” فقالت: يا رسول الله، أحمي سمعي وبصري، ما علمتُ إلاَّ خيرًا

'O Zainab, what do you know about Ayesha or how do you view her?' He replied, 'I take care of my hearing and my sight. I don't know him but as a good person, Rasulullah'."

Aisyah commented, “Even though she is a woman who is equal to me (my rival) compared to the other wives of the Prophet. Allah guarded it with wara' (prudence). However, his sister (named) Hamnah, spoke (to help spread the lie) so that Zainab (to be first). From that incident, the people were destroyed (because they participated in spreading false news) from among the companions of the Prophet." (Narrated by al-Bukhari in Kitab at-Tafsir 4473).

In Fath al-Bari, Ibn Hajar rahimahullah commented on Aisha's words that the Prophet asked Zainab bint Jahsy, Ummul Mu'minin. 'I take care of my hearing and my sight'. His form of guard is not to comment on something that he has not heard or seen. And Aisha's words 'Even though he is my rival', means competing with me in honor. Compete in seeking glory, high position, and preferential treatment (Ibn Hajar: Fath al-Bari 8/478).

In this incident, the quality of the piety of Zainab's mother, radhiallahu 'anha, was clear. He was careful. It is not easy to accuse her honey, Mother Aisyah radhiallahu 'anha, with any accusation that she does not see and with her own ears.

His life after the death of the Prophet

After the death of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, his generosity did not fade. She remains a zuhud woman. His heart is unrelated to the world and its jewels. It is said that Umar sent a gift to Umm Mu'minin Zainab bint Jahsy radhiallahu 'anha. When the gift arrived, Zainab's mother said, "May Allah forgive Umar, indeed my sisters deserve this distribution more than I do." They said, "Everything for you." Zainab, "Subhanallah."

Then, Zainab covered the bottom of the treasure with a cloth. He said, "Cover the top with a cloth." People covered it. Zainab said to Barzah bint Rafi', “Insert your hand and hold on to the package. Then take it to the Fulan family.” Barzah distributed it among the family and left some. Barzah said to Zainab's mother, “May Allah forgive you. By Allah, indeed we have our share in this gift." Zainab replied, "For those of you who are at the bottom of the clothes." Barzah said, “We lifted the bottom. Then we found that there was 85 Dirhams.” Then Zainab raised her hands and prayed, "O Allah, don't let Umar's gift reach me again after this year." Barza said, "And he died (before the next division came)." (Ibnul Jauzi, Shifatu ash-Shafwah, 1/326).

Verses Related to Zainab

The following are verses of the Qur'an that were revealed in connection with the events that happened to Zainab's mother, may Allah be pleased with her. Allah Ta'ala says,

وَإِذْ تَقُولُ لِلَّذِي أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ وَاتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَتُخْفِي فِي نَفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبْدِيهِ وَتَخْشَى النَّاسَ وَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَخْشَاهُ فَلَمَّا قَضَى زَيْدٌ مِنْهَا وَطَرًا زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا لِكَيْ لاَ يَكُونَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَرَجٌ فِي أَزْوَاجِ أَدْعِيَائِهِمْ إِذَا قَضَوْا مِنْهُنَّ وَطَرًا وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ مَفْعُولاً

And (remember), when you said to the person on whom Allah has bestowed favors and you (also) have bestowed favors upon him: "Hold on to your wife and fear Allah", while you are hiding in your hearts what Allah will reveal, and you fear people, while Allah is more worthy for you to fear. So when Zaid has ended the need for his wife (divorcing him), We marry you to him so that there is no objection for the believers to (marry) the wives of their adopted children, if the adopted children have completed their needs from their wives. And it is God's decree that it will happen." [Quran Al-Ahzab: 37].

Anas bin Malik radhiallahu 'anhu said, "Indeed this verse 'you are hiding in your heart what Allah will reveal...' [Quran Al-Ahzab: 37]. The descent is related to the condition of Zainab bint Jahsy and Zaid bin Harithah radhiallahu 'anhuma (Ibn Kathir: Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim 6/425. Al-Bukhari in Kitab at-Tafsir 4509).

Then the word of Allah Ta'ala,

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لاَ تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتَ النَّبِيِّ إِلاَّ أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ إِلَى طَعَامٍ غَيْرَ نَاظِرِينَ إِنَاهُ وَلَكِنْ إِذَا دُعِيتُمْ فَادْخُلُوا فَإِذَا طَعِمْتُمْ فَانْتَشِرُوا وَلاَ مُسْتَأْنِسِينَ لِحَدِيثٍ إِنَّ ذَلِكُمْ كَانَ يُؤْذِي النَّبِيَّ فَيَسْتَحْيِي مِنْكُمْ وَاللَّهُ لاَ يَسْتَحْيِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ وَإِذَا سَأَلْتُمُوهُنَّ مَتَاعًا فَاسْأَلُوهُنَّ مِنْ وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ ذَلِكُمْ أَطْهَرُ لِقُلُوبِكُمْ وَقُلُوبِهِنَّ وَمَا كَانَ لَكُمْ أَنْ تُؤْذُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَلاَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوا أَزْوَاجَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ أَبَدًا إِنَّ ذَلِكُمْ كَانَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَظِيمًا

"O you who believe, do not enter the houses of the Prophet unless you are permitted to eat without waiting for the time to cook (the food), but if you are invited then enter and when you have finished eating, you come out without being engrossed in prolonging the conversation. . Verily, that would disturb the Prophet and the Prophet would be ashamed of you (to order you out), and Allah is not ashamed (explaining) the truth. If you ask for something (needs) from them (the wives of the Prophet), then ask from behind the veil. That way is purer for your heart and theirs. And you must not offend the Messenger of Allah and not marry his wives forever after he dies. Verily, it is a very big (sin) in the sight of Allah." [Quran Al-Ahzab: 53].

Anas bin Malik radhiallahu 'anhu said, “When the Messenger of Allah married Zainab bint Jahsy, he invited people. They also eat food. After eating, they sat and chatted. The Prophet motioned for them to stand, but they did not stand. When he stood, some of them stood. Those who were still sitting, there were three people left. The Prophet went into the inside of his house, it turned out that there was a group of people. Then these people stood up. I (Anas) got up and came. I informed him that they had left. He came to enter the house. I went in and it turned out that there was a hijab between me and him. Then the word of Allah came down, "O you who believe, do not enter the houses of the Prophet..."

dead

Ummul Mu'minin Zainab bint Jahsy radhiallahu 'anha died during the reign of Umar bin al-Khattab. Precisely in the year 20 H. There are also those who say the year 21 H. And when he died, he was 53 years old (Ibnul Jauzi: Shifatu ash-Shafwah 1/326).

Source: storiesmuslim.com / by Nurfitri Hadi

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